做自主科学实验或自驱动实验室的团队，终于有了一个标准化的智能体-仪器接口，不用再重复造轮子。LAP直接解决了安全关键操作和测量结果可复现的痛点，做自动化实验的开发者值得关注。
自主科学正从演示走向基础设施，但每个系统都需从头构建推理智能体与物理仪器间的连接，面临碎片化SDK和面向确定性客户端而非概率性智能体的标准。现有协议如MCP（智能体-工具）和A2A（智能体-智能体）未覆盖智能体-仪器边缘，该边缘涉及状态化、安全关键、独占、物理实体操作及带单位、校准和不确定性的测量结果。本文提出实验室智能体协议（LAP），填补这一空白。LAP保留A2A的点对点、发现优先、任务生命周期结构，并新增四个物理世界原语：仪器卡（能力与物理限制描述）、预留（独占锁定）、安全围栏握手（操作员确认令牌绑定任务参数）和测量结果模式（物理类型化、校准锚定、带不确定性）。LAP与A2A/MCP生态传输兼容，封装而非替代现有设备标准如SiLA 2和OPC-UA。
LAP: An Agent-to-Instrument Protocol for Autonomous Science
Autonomous science is moving from demonstration to infrastructure. Large language model agents now plan experiments, and self-driving laboratories execute them. Yet every such system rebuilds the link between the reasoning agent and the physical instrument from scratch, against fragmented vendor SDKs and standards built for deterministic software clients rather than probabilistic, goal-directed agents. Recent agent-interoperability protocols clarify two of the three edges of an agentic ecosystem (Anthropic's Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes the agent-to-tool edge, and Google's Agent2Agent (A2A) the agent-to-agent edge), but neither models the agent-to-instrument edge, where operations are stateful, safety-critical, exclusively owned, physically embodied, and produce measurements with units, calibration, and uncertainty. We present the Lab Agent Protocol (LAP), a protocol design that fills this gap. LAP retains A2A's peer-to-peer, discovery-first, task-lifecycle structure and adds four physical-world primitives: (i) the InstrumentCard, a signed capability and physical-limit description; (ii) first-class reservation for exclusive instrument and sample locking; (iii) a safety-fence handshake with operator-confirmation tokens cryptographically bound to a specific task and its parameters, gating hazardous and irreversible operations; and (iv) a MeasurementResult schema that makes every result physically typed (QUDT/UCUM), calibration-anchored, uncertainty-bearing, and reproducible by construction. We specify roles, a six-layer architecture, the JSON-RPC method set, the task and safety state machines, the error model, and cross-laboratory federation, and walk a closed-loop autonomous campaign through the protocol end-to-end. LAP is transport-compatible with the A2A/MCP ecosystem and encapsulates rather than replaces existing device standards such as SiLA 2 and OPC-UA.