想知道AI能不能像人一样在危险场景下抓住关键区域？这篇论文用GPT-4o、Gemini Pro等模型做了对比，发现它们不靠眼动训练数据就能大致预测人类注视点。
该研究通过十名参与者观看33张安全风险场景图像的眼动数据，生成人口平均注视热图。使用GPT-4o通过OpenAI Vision API生成视觉注意力显著性图，并与注视数据比较。空间对齐评估采用四个指标：皮尔逊相关系数0.515±0.117、NSS 0.988±0.323、KL散度1.766±0.844、AUC-Judd 0.806±0.076。与Gemini Pro、Gemini Flash和Claude的对比显示，所有模型AUC-Judd超过机会基线0.5且NSS为正。Gemini Pro在三个指标上定位最强，GPT-4o在KL散度上分布匹配最佳。
Comparing Human Gaze and Vision-Language Model Attention in Safety-Relevant Environments
Human visual attention plays an important role in how people perceive and respond to environments containing potential risks. This study investigates whether large vision-language models can identify the same regions of a scene that attract human attention in safety-relevant environments. Eye-tracking data were collected from ten participants viewing 33 scene images representing environments with varying levels of potential risk using Pupil Invisible wearable glasses. Gaze coordinates were mapped onto stimulus images to generate population-averaged human gaze heatmaps. In parallel, GPT-4o was prompted through the OpenAI Vision Application Programming Interface (API) to generate spatial predictions of visual attention, which were converted into saliency maps for comparison with human gaze patterns. Spatial alignment between human gaze heatmaps and model-generated saliency maps was evaluated using four complementary metrics: Pearson correlation (r = 0.515 +- 0.117), Normalised Scanpath Saliency (NSS = 0.988 +- 0.323), Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL = 1.766 +- 0.844), and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve using the Judd formulation (AUC-Judd = 0.806 +- 0.076). A cross-model comparison with Gemini Pro, Gemini Flash, and Claude showed that all models exceeded the AUC-Judd chance baseline of 0.5 and achieved positive NSS scores. Gemini Pro demonstrated the strongest spatial localisation according to three of the four metrics, whereas GPT-4o produced the closest distributional match to human attention as measured by KL divergence. These findings suggest that large vision-language models can identify regions that broadly correspond to where humans direct visual attention in safety-relevant scenes without requiring eye-tracking training data. The results highlight the potential of vision-language models as a scalable tool for approximating human attentional patterns.