医疗AI团队终于有了兼顾准确率和可解释性的宫颈癌筛查方案——ViT-Tiny在轻量级下达到95%准确率，且注意力热图与病理标准对齐，做细胞学自动分析的开发者可以直接参考其优化策略。
本研究系统优化了轻量级Vision Transformer（ViT-Tiny）用于宫颈癌细胞自动分类，在Herlev数据集上达到94.9%-95.2%的交叉验证准确率。通过对比数据增强、类别加权和超参数，发现随机水平翻转和类别权重(0.7×1.3)组合最有效。Grad-CAM分析显示模型注意力聚焦于细胞核、细胞边界和染色质纹理等临床相关形态特征。这项工作表明Vision Transformer能在保持临床性能的同时提供可解释的决策支持，满足医疗AI部署对透明度的要求。
Systematic Evaluation of Vision Transformers for Automated Cervical Cancer Classification: Optimization, Statistical Validation, and Clinical Interpretability
Manual Pap smear analysis for cervical cancer screening is limited by inter-observer variability, time constraints, and restricted expert availability. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have automated cervical cell classification, they remain limited in modeling long-range spatial dependencies and often lack clinical interpretability. In this study, Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures were systematically optimized to enhance automated cervical cancer screening, which resulted in improved interpretability. The Herlev dataset (917 images: 242 normal, 675 abnormal) was utilized to optimize ViT-Tiny, a lightweight Vision Transformer architecture designed for reduced computational complexity, through a comprehensive evaluation of augmentation strategies, class weighting, and hyperparameters. The optimal configuration achieved 94.9%-95.2% cross-validation accuracy, in which random horizontal flipping and class weighting (0.7 x 1.3) were identified as most effective. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) analysis confirmed that model attention corresponded to clinically relevant morphological features, which include nuclear regions, cell boundaries, and chromatin texture, which align with cytopathological criteria. These findings indicate that Vision Transformers can deliver accurate and interpretable decision support for cervical cancer screening, which fulfills both clinical performance and transparency requirements essential for medical AI deployment.