Policy desk

Overseas localised deployment of restricted large models falls under export control and requires a licence (automatic licence available for deployment on overseas self-owned cloud); API calls, SaaS apps and lightweight on-device deployment are outside scope.

Foreign AI services must obtain Chinese AI approval before launching in China; Apple's approval provides a reference path for similar products.

Companies doing AI R&D or deployment in Hong Kong can expect greater local compute supply; watch for application channels and pricing of compute resources.

Power supply constraints for AI data centres and related operations in Thailand are set to ease, but site selection and expansion plans should track final policy details

Government procurement of ChatGPT for students will boost AI adoption among Malaysian youth, expanding demand for edtech AI products in Malaysia.

Companies operating in Thailand can apply for free Gemini Enterprise access for up to 10 months, cutting AI tool procurement costs

The city government will carry out large-scale procurement of AI cameras and supporting systems, creating bidding opportunities for vendors

AI model developers gain a clear "AI + railway" application direction with operation and maintenance data scenarios for online safety assessment and intelligent O&M projects.

Startups can access investment from government-backed vehicles Jelawang Capital and Dana Perintis.

Provides AI startups with up to 3x matching venture capital funds

Provides local talent support for semiconductor and AI companies, reducing talent acquisition costs

AI-generated marketing content using real people's likeness or voice is a primary enforcement target, risking account bans and content removal

Companies must strengthen core technology R&D in multi-sensor fusion, algorithms, solid-state batteries, automotive chips, and operating systems

Chinese AI companies must ensure compliant handling of user data and prevent unauthorized data transfers

U.S. AI companies must adjust model release processes to ensure U.S. agencies review first

AI companies must adjust model release processes to ensure U.S. government gets priority testing access

Manufacturing enterprises are required to accelerate the application of AI in R&D design, production manufacturing, and management operations to enhance digitalization and intelligentization, aligning with national industrial policy directions.

Obligations: Data center operators must increase community participation in project approvals and cannot use confidentiality agreements. They must also comply with stricter environmental and energy efficiency standards. • Opportunities: Data centers investing in clean energy may receive priority for grid access. • Deadlines: The framework includes immediate administrative measures and proposed legislation for the 2027 state legislature.

Obligations: AI companies may face legal scrutiny and potential penalties if found to have coordinated to limit AI development speed, violating antitrust laws. • Opportunities: The case highlights the importance of transparent communication and compliance with antitrust regulations in the AI sector. • Deadlines: The court case is ongoing, with the possibility of a collective class-action suit being certified, which could impact the companies' operations and public perception.

Must equip AI models with 'kill switch' functionality and establish independent auditors; - Must collaborate with the expert panel to provide recommendations within two months; - Must comply with California's AI safety regulations, facing compliance risks otherwise.

Obligations: Companies deploying or selling smart glasses with camera capabilities must ensure compliance with GDPR and local privacy laws, particularly regarding consent and transparency. • Opportunities: There may be increased demand for privacy-enhancing technologies or solutions that address the concerns raised by the investigation. • Deadlines: Companies must ensure their products do not facilitate illegal activities such as unauthorized filming, as enforcement actions can result in significant penalties.

Obligations: AI companies may face increased regulatory scrutiny and potential legal action over data usage and its impact on news publishers. • Opportunities: Companies may need to develop more transparent data practices and collaborate with news organizations to mitigate negative impacts. • Deadlines: The FTC consultation period is open for public comments until a specified date, after which the agency will consider feedback before potentially adopting new guidelines.

Companies must ensure that the outputs from their AI systems are reviewed manually to comply with the government's suggestion. • Companies can leverage AI for efficiency improvements but must establish a manual review process. • Companies need to develop internal processes to address this suggestion.

Obligations: AI companies operating in California may be subject to new regulatory requirements, including potential mandatory security audits by independent third parties. • Opportunities: Companies may gain clarity in the regulatory framework for AI safety, potentially reducing uncertainty. • Deadlines: Companies should prepare for the upcoming two-month timeline for the expert panel to submit its recommendations and the subsequent legislative process.

Obligations: EU member states and AI developers may face increased scrutiny and potential new regulations to ensure AI development is slowed and its impacts are properly assessed.

Companies need to assess potential tax obligations for their automation projects.

Obligations: Companies must comply with new evaluation standards for token factories, focusing on core technical metrics like model adaptation capacity and energy efficiency. • Opportunities: Firms with leading token factories can receive government support. Companies involved in model technology iteration, chip adaptation, and overseas service development can tap into new market opportunities. • Deadlines: The plan is set for implementation from 2026 to 2028, with specific milestones for building factories, launching platforms, and achieving technology breakthroughs.

Obligations: US AI companies may face increased scrutiny and potential regulatory constraints on their development speed.

Obligations: Companies proposing data center projects in San Jose must undergo a more rigorous public review process and provide detailed disclosures on energy consumption, water usage, and environmental impact assessments. • Opportunities: Companies that can demonstrate responsible development and community benefits may gain public support and approval for their projects. • Deadlines: The city is currently consulting the public, and while no specific deadline is mentioned, companies must align with the city's proposed review framework before project approval.

Companies in Indonesia are required to participate or invest in national AI digital infrastructure projects to align with national strategic needs