基于物种检测的声学生物多样性指数 ABI 在非洲稀树草原与城市动物园的验证
A richness-sensitive Acoustic Biodiversity Index from species-level detections: classifier benchmarking, false-positive control and validation against standard soundscape indices in an African savanna and an urban zoo
教保育声学监测的人换掉 ACI 这类老指数：用 BirdNET 检测物种算多样性，和丰富度相关性 0.93，比传统指数高一倍，还讲了怎么控假阳性。
论文提出由物种级检测构建的声学生物多样性指数 ABI_E，即以区域物种池归一化的 Shannon 多样性（H / ln S_ref）。在 1,216 条鸣声、24 个类别的数据集上，BirdNET 嵌入加逻辑回归的 macro-F1 达 0.750，且随机帧级划分会将准确率从 0.41 虚增至 0.70。用 BirdNET v2.4 加位置和季节过滤，津巴布韦赞比西河谷稀树草原样点 6 小时等效采样记录 21 个物种（ABI_E = 0.38），阿布扎比 Emirates Park Zoo 三个生境为 0.03-0.21。149 小时录音中 ABI_E 与物种丰富度的 Spearman rho 达 0.93，而六个传统声学指数中最好的 ACI 仅为 0.48；稳定性分量在动物园（0.65-0.67）高于稀树草原（0.39），说明它惩罚了鸟类活动的自然昼夜节律。
A richness-sensitive Acoustic Biodiversity Index from species-level detections: classifier benchmarking, false-positive control and validation against standard soundscape indices in an African savanna and an urban zoo
Acoustic indices are widely used as rapid proxies for biodiversity, but they summarise the distribution of sound energy rather than the species producing it and often track richness poorly. We revise and test an Acoustic Biodiversity Index (ABI) built from species-level detections. Its primary form, ABI_E, is Shannon diversity of detections normalised by the regional species pool expected at the site and season (H / ln S_ref); temporal stability T is reported as a separate component. We first benchmarked four classifiers on a strongly labelled tropical dataset (1,216 calls, 24 classes) with recording-grouped cross-validation. BirdNET embeddings + logistic regression performed best (macro-F1 0.750 +/- 0.029), and random frame-level splits inflated accuracy from 0.41 to 0.70. We then applied BirdNET v2.4 with a location and season filter to recordings from a riverine savanna in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, and from three habitats at Emirates Park Zoo and Resort, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. A stricter post-hoc location filter removed 517 high-confidence detections of 9 implausible species, all at the zoo. After diel-matched rarefaction to equal effort (6 h), the savanna site held 21 species (Hill number 1D = 9.83; ABI_E = 0.38) against 1.3-13 species (ABI_E = 0.03-0.21) at the zoo sites. Across 149 recorded hours, ABI_E correlated strongly with richness (Spearman rho = 0.93), whereas six standard indices did not (best: ACI, rho = 0.48). The stability term was lower at the savanna site (0.39) than at the zoo (0.65-0.67), showing that it penalises the natural diel cycle of bird activity. Species-level indices with explicit false-positive control, a declared regional reference pool and effort standardisation provide a more interpretable biodiversity indicator than energy-based acoustic indices.