SwarmWorld展示了语言模型智能体如何通过协作构建技术，与独立搜索相比，其技术组合更广泛、更坚韧，值得一试。
SwarmWorld中的语言模型智能体通过共享环境自我组织，无需预设角色或流程，探索环境、处理资源、构建持久性物品，并编写可执行控制器。与独立搜索相比，SwarmWorld中的智能体能构建更广泛、更坚韧的技术组合，但独立搜索在最强物品上仍具竞争力。智能体分化为探索、建设、维护和协调行为，技术通过协作构建、可执行继承和持久智能体-物品网络积累。显式文化机制增强协作和组织，但功能效益取决于结果和时间尺度。物理群居支持有能力的社群，而互动推动持久的技术生态系统，而非普遍优越的个体发明。
SwarmWorld: Stigmergic technological evolution in societies of language-model agents
Collective intelligence can emerge when individuals coordinate through a shared environment, allowing local actions to accumulate into durable social organization. Language-model agents offer a new substrate for this process, yet most multi-agent systems rely on direct conversation, predefined roles, or centralized workflows. It remains unclear whether decentralized agents can build functional technologies and outperform independent search. Here, initially homogeneous LLM agents in SwarmWorld self-organize without assigned roles or recipes into evolving technological societies. Agents explore a spatial environment, process resources, test materials, construct persistent artifacts, and write executable controllers evaluated by a deterministic simulator under unseen disturbances after the agents are removed. SwarmWorld splits cognition from consequence: agents propose architectures and controllers within fixed action and material schemas, while the simulated world determines function. Shared societies develop broader, more resilient technological portfolios than a strong best-of-N isolated-search baseline, although isolated search remains competitive for the strongest artifact. Agents differentiate into exploration, construction, maintenance, and coordination behaviors, transitioning as the world matures. Technologies accumulate through collaborative construction, executable inheritance, and persistent agent-artifact networks, with most reuse beginning through physical observation rather than communication. Explicit cultural mechanisms amplify collaboration and organization, but functional benefits depend on outcome and timescale. Physical stigmergy alone supports capable societies, while interaction drives persistent technological ecologies rather than universally superior individual inventions.