Karpathy 把软件行业的底层假设翻了个底朝天——未来可能不是更好的 App Store，而是神经网络直接接管界面生成。做产品、搞架构的开发者看完会重新思考自己每天在写什么。
Andrej Karpathy 在 Sequoia Capital 的访谈中提出，未来计算可能从经典计算转向神经计算，神经网络成为主机进程，CPU 退居协处理器。他认为许多现有软件是早期计算时代需要明确每一步的产物，未来设备可能直接接收原始视频、音频或意图，通过扩散模型实时生成独特 UI。这意味着大量中间软件可能消失，界面不再由产品团队预先构建，而是根据当前时刻动态生成。Karpathy 指出，1950-60 年代人们曾困惑计算机会像计算器还是神经网络，最终选择了计算器路径，但现在可能迎来反转。
"You could basically imagine, completely neural co…
"You could basically imagine, completely neural computers in a certain sense. Imagine a device that takes raw videos or audio into basically what is a neural net, and uses diffusion to render a UI that is unique for that moment in a certain sense."
~ Andrej Karpathy
Going by this, the next big software shift may be that much of the software disappears.
Karpathy’s point is not simply that AI will help us build apps faster; it is that many apps may be artifacts of a world where computers needed every intermediate step spelled out.
He says "I kind of feel like, in the early days of computing, people were actually a little bit confused as to whether computers would look like calculators or whether computers would look like neural nets. In the 50s and 60s, it was not really obvious which way it would go. Of course, we went down the calculator path and ended up building classical computing.
Neural nets are currently running virtualized on existing computers, but you could imagine that a lot of this will flip, and that the neural net becomes kind of like the host process, while the CPUs become kind of like the co-processor."
Classical software treats the CPU as the host process and intelligence as something bolted on through tools, scripts, models, and APIs.
Karpathy is imagining the reverse: the neural network becomes the host process, while conventional code becomes a small deterministic accessory for tasks where exactness still matters.
This is why the future interface may not look like a better app store.
It may look like raw video, audio, documents, or intent entering a neural system, with the interface itself generated for that moment rather than built in advance by a product team.
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From "Sequoia Capital" YouTube channel, (link in comment)